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PHAR4009 · Week 6Lecture 11 · p. 3

Adverse drug reactions

  • Type A (augmented): follows from the drug’s known pharmacology. Dose-related, common.
  • Type B (bizarre): not dose-related, not predictable. Rare, often serious.↑ said twice in class
  • e.g. penicillin anaphylaxis; idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.
  • Rawlins–Thompson extends the scheme to types C–F.

Practice exam · Q 7 / 201 mark

A patient develops liver injury on a normal dose of a drug with no known hepatotoxicity. What makes this a Type B reaction?

  • A · It is dose-related
  • B · It is not dose-related or predictableCorrect
  • C · It is common and usually mild
  • D · It resolves when the dose is lowered

Type B reactions sit outside the drug’s known pharmacology: no dose relationship, no way to predict them.

Built from · PHAR4009 Week 6 notes, p. 3

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Flashcards7 / 24

What does a low urine osmolality with a high serum sodium point to?

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Practice Q&A6 marks

Explain why loop diuretics can cause hypokalaemia.

  1. More sodium reaches the collecting duct2
  2. It is swapped for potassium, which is lost2
  3. Volume loss raises aldosterone, which adds to it2

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WalkthroughStep 2 / 6

ALT 410, ALP 130. Which pattern is this?

Hepatocellular. Leakage dominates; bile flow is near normal.

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